Cracking the code: Techniques to overcome hard seed coats for successful germination

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By JAMES TABABA

The use of seeds is the most common way of propagating crops. However, some seeds have hard seed coats that pose challenges to their germination. Nature has equipped certain seeds with hard coats as a protective mechanism. These coats act as a shield, safeguarding the delicate embryo within from external threats like predators, pathogens, and harsh environmental conditions. The hard coat ensures that germination occurs only under optimal circumstances, increasing the chances of survival for the seedling. While most commercial seeds are designed to be relatively easy to germinate, some recycled seeds, seeds from uncertified sources, and seeds from forest trees may present additional challenges. There are various techniques gardeners can use to promote the germination of hard-coated seeds. Here are some methods.

Scratching

Scratching the seed coat with a file or sandpaper helps create small openings for water absorption. This process breaks the dormancy and triggers the germination process. For seeds with hard coats like malunggay, ampalaya, chico, sunflower, narra, molave, and banaba you can scratch the seed coat gently with a file or piece of sandpaper before sowing.

Cutting

In some cases, making a small incision or cut on the seed coat can facilitate water absorption instead of scratching. This technique is particularly useful for seeds with exceptionally hard coats. Some seeds, such as mango and other forest seeds with a hard seed coat that can be difficult to penetrate. In this case, carefully make a small incision on the seed coat with a sharp knife while avoiding the scar where the embryo is located before planting.

Soaking

Soaking hard-coated seeds in water for a designated period can help soften the seed coat and promote germination. This method is the most common method to pre-germinate seeds before sowing for most crops. Take seeds and soak them in warm water for 24 hours before sowing. This softens the seed coat and enhances germination. By these techniques and implementing them correctly, gardeners can overcome the natural dormancy barriers of seeds and increase the germination of their seeds. So, when faced with hard-coated seeds, experiment with these methods and see what works best for you. [*Read more about farming and gardening at agriculture.com.ph*](https://www.agriculture.com.ph/)