The United States (US) has once again flagged corruption as a major barrier to trade and investment with the Philippines, as recent efforts to clean up regulatory and judicial processes have failed to yield positive results.

In this year’s National Trade Estimate (NTE) report, the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) said corruption continues to be a “pervasive and longstanding problem” in doing business in the Philippines. The report was released on Tuesday, March 31.

“National and local government agencies, for example the Bureau of Customs (BOC), are beset with various corruption issues, including allegations of overt bribery,” it said.

The USTR said attempts by the BOC to address customs and corruption concerns continue to fall short, as reports of corruption and irregularities in customs processing remain widespread.

In particular, US businesses are complaining about incidents of undue and costly delays, irregularities in the valuation process, exhaustive inspection and testing of some products, and inconsistent assessment of fees.

The USTR also called out the “lack of transparency in judicial and regulatory processes,” which ultimately undermines efforts to address corruption.

The agency is urging the Philippine government to deal with corruption once and for all, warning that it may impact trade and investment flows between the two longtime allies.

“If left unchecked, bribery and corruption can negate market access gained through trade negotiations, frustrate broader reforms and economic stabilization programs, and undermine the foundations of the international trading system,” the USTR said.

Despite the Philippines’ efforts to strengthen its intellectual property (IP) protection and enforcement, the USTR said the US remains dissatisfied with “inconsistent enforcement activities.”

“Stakeholders report issues with online piracy and sales of counterfeit goods, including apparel, shoes, watches, jewelry, perfume, and electronics,” it said.

Issues involving counterfeiting and piracy led to the continued inclusion of Greenhills Shopping Center in the 2025 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy, or the USTR’s Notorious Markets List, released last month.

The government’s efforts to combat issues involving IP rights are weakened by the slow prosecution and conviction of cases, the USTR said.

Further, the USTR said that the US has concerns about the Philippines’ laws regarding the protection of internationally recognized labor rights, as well as the enforcement of labor laws.

The USTR noted that the Philippines currently does not have a ban on the importation of goods produced with forced or compulsory labor, which earlier prompted the agency to investigate the country along with 59 other economies.

Meanwhile, the agency also raised its objections to the country’s persistent problem with wildlife trafficking, which undercuts regulated trade in wildlife products and may lead to the contamination of global supply chains that would ultimately reach US consumers.

Without sufficient measures in place, the USTR said these market-distorting practices may weaken the trading relationship between the US and the Philippines.

“The Philippines has not entered into an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade with the US that includes commitments to address these distortions,” it said.

Philippine imports to the US, minus some exemptions, are subject to a 10-percent global tariff. This is lower than the 19-percent tariff imposed on such goods during the second half of last year.

Unlike countries that have negotiated tariff deals with the US, the Philippines remains at the whim of US President Donald Trump and his ever-unpredictable global trade agenda.

With the 2025 NTE report essentially shaping Trump’s tariff scheme last year, the USTR said the new 2026 report is no different, as it seeks to outline the US’ aim to rectify what it considers unfair trade practices of its trading partners.

“The Trump administration will continue to build on the momentum from the past year to address the unfair trade practices detailed in this report and advance the best interests of American workers and their families,” said USTR Ambassador Jamieson Greer.

The NTE report by the USTR is submitted before Trump and the US Congress.