Nuclear and radiation technologies offer distinct features and benefits that can effectively diminish the overall amount of plastic and polymer waste in the current technological gaps on a global scale, according to the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI).

“Radiation technologies can be employed to transform or repurpose plastic waste into alternative products, such as additives and binders for construction materials,” said supervising science research specialist from the DOST-PNRI Dr. Jordan F. Madrid in a statement on Friday, May 3.

Madrid explained that radiation technologies can be used to decrease the quantity of plastic waste by producing biodegradable biopolymers using radiation-controlled procedures, which can serve as substitutes for petroleum-based plastics.
This not only helps in addressing the plastic pollution issue but also promotes the use of “eco-friendly materials.”

“Radiation technology offers a promising solution for managing plastic waste. Its use can efficiently modify plastic wastes for other useful applications for safer disposal, helping to reduce environmental pollution,” he said.

He mentioned that existing plastic recycling plants could potentially integrate this technology, or they could utilize irradiation facilities like those at DOST-PNRI.

“Radiation technology provides more environmentally friendly production and recycling methods by minimizing the utilization of potentially hazardous chemicals and solvents, and by conserving energy,” he explained.

This, he said, may involve integrating nuclear solutions into waste management plans, recycling strategies, and circular economy initiatives to maximize their effectiveness and environmental benefits.

The researcher then assured the public that there are “no potential environmental risks and safety concerns” associated with deploying nuclear solutions for plastic pollution.

In addition, he mentioned that the department participated in the project Reactive Extrusion of Plastic Waste (PREx Plastic) initiative that supports the use of electron beam (EB) technology for plastic waste management and recycling.

Madrid further shared that the initial data suggests that the use of radiation technology is compatible, and the required machines could be integrated and installed in existing plastic recycling plants.

Otherwise, plant owners could "opt to avail themselves of the services of irradiation facilities," such as those in DOST-PNRI, to have their samples irradiated for target applications.

“Of course, such integrations would involve obtaining permits, licenses, and approvals from relevant regulatory agencies and ensuring compliance with safety standards and radiation protection guidelines," the researcher said.

Meanwhile, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has a flagship project called NUTEC Plastic that aims to address the global challenge of plastic pollution.

When the energy consumption of the EB process was acknowledged, this is where Madrid stressed the ongoing research to identify alternative energy sources to address this plastic concern.

Public acceptance as a challenge

Public acceptance is one of the crucial parts of the success of nuclear solutions for plastic pollution, according to DOST-PNRI.

Madrid believed that education campaigns are necessary to explain the benefits, safety measures, and regulations surrounding this technology. Open communication and public trust are key.

“Providing accurate information, addressing concerns, and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes can enhance public confidence and acceptance of nuclear and radiation technology,” Madrid said.

Public engagement, he stressed, can also foster collaboration between different groups, such as government agencies, universities, and environmental organizations to develop holistic and inclusive approaches to plastic pollution management.