5,219 rockfall events, 128 pyroclastic density currents in Mayon Volcano since June 1 — Phivolcs
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) said Mayon Volcano had recorded 5,000 rockfall events and 120 pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) in less than a month.
“As of 11 p.m., June 26, the Mayon Volcano Network had detected 5,219 rockfall events and 128 pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) since June 1,” Phivolcs said on Monday night.
The “very slow” effusion of lava from the Mayon Volcano sometimes causes the lava front to collapse and lead to rockfall events.
Meanwhile, PDCs are mixtures of fragmented volcanic particles or pyroclastics, hot gases, and ash that rush down the volcanic slopes or rapidly outward from a source vent at high speeds.
Phivolcs also noted that it had noticed an increase in the frequency of shallow and weak volcanic earthquakes in Mayon Volcano that started on June 24 and continued until around 5 p.m. on June 26.
The “very slow” lava effusion from Mayon Volcano's summit crater continues for the 15th day, on June 26, 2023, causing incandescent rockfall and pyroclastic density current (PDC) activity along the Mi-isi and Bonga Gullies. (Screengrab from Phivolcs)
The “very slow” lava effusion from Mayon Volcano's summit crater continues for the 15th day, on June 26, 2023, causing incandescent rockfall and pyroclastic density current (PDC) activity along the Mi-isi and Bonga Gullies. (Screengrab from Phivolcs)
‘Very slow’ lava effusion continues
Between Monday, June 26, and Tuesday, June 27, Phivolcs recorded 241 rockfall events, 107 volcanic earthquakes, and 17 dome-collapse PDCs. Phivolcs said the effusive eruption of Mayon Volcano continues to “feed lava flows and collapse debris on the Mi-isi (south) and Bonga (southeastern) gullies.” “The lava flows have advanced to approximate lengths of 1,600 meters and 1,200 meters along Mi-isi and Bonga gullies, respectively, from the summit crater while collapse debris have deposited to 3,300 meters from the crater,” it pointed out. According to Phivolcs, an effusive eruption is the outpouring of lava onto the ground, as opposed to explosive eruption, which is characterized by violent magma fragmentation. Furthermore, Mayon continues to emit moderate steam-laden plumes that rose 750 meters before drifting westward. Phivolcs reiterated that Mayon Volcano still has an “increased tendency toward a hazardous eruption,” but that “sudden change in monitoring parameters has been detected and is being closely monitored.”Alert level 3 stays
Phivolcs noted that the volcano’s current condition might last for a few months, therefore Alert Level 3 will remain in effect. This means that Mayon is “currently in a relatively high level of unrest as magma is at the crater and hazardous eruption within weeks or even days is possible.” Phivolcs strongly recommended the evacuation of residents within the six-kilometer permanent danger zone (PDZ) due to the risk of PDCs, lava flows, rockfalls, and other volcanic hazards. “Local government units, disaster officials, and the general public are urged to heed avoidance of the PDZ, as the summit lava dome has grown above and filled up the summit crater, increasing the chances of lava collapse or potential volcanic flows onto other sectors of the volcano,” Phivolcs warned. It pointed out that heavy rainfall could cause channel-confined lahars and sediment-laden stream flows on channels where PDC deposits were emplaced. Likewise, it said that ash fall events may “most likely” occur on the south side of the volcano, based on the current wind pattern. Phivolcs advised civil aviation authorities to ask pilots to avoid flying close to the volcano because ash from sudden eruption may pose hazards to aircraft.