Microplastics are leaching into agricultural lands at an alarming rate
Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues in the world today. A recent report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) highlights its threatening impact on agriculture.
In the 29th edition of UNEP's Foresight Brief, experts highlighted the alarming increase of microplastics in the world's soils. Microplastics are very tiny plastic particles less than five millimeters in diameter and are known for being a potential health hazard for animals and humans, especially when they enter the food chain.
Because of their durability, plastics are often used as protective wraps or bags, such as for fertilizers and seedlings. Plastics are also used to build farm structures, such as greenhouses and irrigation pipes. However, through time, these plastic materials slowly break down into microplastics and may seep into the soil, according to the report. Depending on their concentration, these materials can change the physical structure of the soil, limit its capacity to hold water, and reduce plant root growth and nutrient uptake. Chemical additives associated with plastic production can also lead to health implications.
In Europe and North America alone, more than 650,000 tons of microplastics are leaching into agricultural lands per year, much greater than the estimated 214,000 tons of microplastics in the world's oceans, according to the report.
Experts reported that the single-biggest source of microplastic pollution in farmlands is fertilizers. Fertilizers made up of manure mixed with microspheres, tiny synthetic particles also used in soap and shampoo, increase the concentration of microplastics in the soil. Other sources, such as wraps and old plastic products, are also contributing to the growing problem of microplastics in farmlands.
There are already efforts to reduce the reliance on hydrocarbon-based plastics and shift to bio-based plastics, but not all emerging alternatives are biodegradable and some may even pose a greater threat to the environment.
The report advised “nature-based solutions,” including considering “farming practices that work with nature.”