The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) stressed anew that “fighting for our rights and expressing dissent concerning legitimate issues are not criminal acts.”

In a statement, the CHR – through Spokesperson and Executive Director Jacqueline Ann de Guia – said expressions of dissent are "crucial facets" in any working democracy.

"Freedom of expression, right to association, and right to peaceful assembly are constitutionally-protected rights," De Guia, a lawyer, said.

The CHR pointed out Article III Section 4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, which reads: "No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances."

De Guia, however, did not cite any specific cases where the constitutional provisions on freedom of speech, expression and of the press have been violated by government authorities.

She said the CHR has long been pushing for the peaceful exercise of human rights - particularly of peaceful assembly and expression.

She noted that while everyone has the right to peaceful assembly regardless of their political beliefs or affiliations, dissenters should maintain peace and order at all times and secure the required permits prior to any assembly.

She said that the key to a "vibrant democracy" is to accept criticism and dissent. By having a free exchange of ideas through healthy discourse, people can improve laws and policies, she added.