By Rey Panaligan The Supreme Court (SC) has declared final its ruling that ordered the Manila City regional trial court (RTC) to reinstate the criminal case filed against an official of the then Sulpicio Lines, Inc. (SLI) in connection with the firm’s M/V Princess of the Stars tragedy that resulted in the death of 227 passengers in 2008. Supreme Court (SC) (MANILA BULLETIN) The finality of the SC’s Dec. 10, 2018 decision, which reversed the Court of Appeals’ (CA) ruling, was contained in an entry of judgment, a copy of which was made public on Tuesday (October 22), issued by the High Court’s third division. Ordered reinstated was the case for reckless imprudence against Edgar S. Go, SLI’s first vice president and team leader of the firm’s crisis management committee. SLI is now known as the Philippine Span Asia Carrier Corporation. In its decision written by Associate Justice Jose C. Reyes Jr., the SC ruled that the resolution of the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) panel of prosecutors clearly supports a prima facie finding that reckless imprudence under Article 365 of the Revised Penal Code has been committed. The SC, in granting the petitions filed by the government and heirs of the victims, said: “In this case, the criminal action instituted against the respondent (Go) involved exclusively the criminal and civil liability of the latter arising from his criminal negligence as a responsible officer of SLI. “It must be emphasized that there is a separate civil action instituted against SLI based on culpa contractual (civil liability resulting from fault or negligence in the performance of a contractual obligation) incurred by it due to its failure to carry safely the passengers of Stars to their place of destination. “The civil action against a ship-owner for breach of contract of carriage does not preclude criminal prosecution against its employees whose negligence resulted in the death of or injuries to passengers,” Case records showed that in June 2008, the passenger-cargo M/V Princess of the Stars owned by SLI failed to make a safe voyage from Manila to Cebu when it capsized in waters off Sibuyan Island in Romblon province at the height of Typhoon Frank. Of the 849 persons on board, only 32 survived; 227 died, and 592 were reported missing. The summary of the decision released by the SC’s public information office (PIO) stated that in 2009, the DOJ panel indicted Go, along with several others, for reckless imprudence before the Manila RTC. It said that “the DOJ panel found that Go was involved in making decisions on whether a vessel should be allowed to sail such that he should have canceled or discouraged the voyage considering the severe weather at that time.” The PIO summary also stated: “Go filed with the DOJ Secretary a petition for review, during which pendency then Department of Transportation and Communication Secretary Leandro Mendoza issued a resolution exculpating SLI from any negligence and holding Captain Florencio M. Marimon solely responsible for the sinking of M/V Princess of the Star. “Subsequently, the DOJ Secretary denied the petition of Go, who elevated the case to the CA after his motion for reconsideration was denied. “The CA ruled in Go’s favor holding that ‘respondent’s (Go) act of allowing the officers of the vessel to decide whether to set sail or not did not make him criminally liable as such decision was within the authority of the captain of the vessel, in coordination with the PCG, in view of the weather bulletin.’ “The CA also found erroneous the finding of the DOJ Panel that Go was criminally liable for not instructing the vessel to seek shelter or drop anchor in the face of the storm because there was not a shred of evidence from which such power to decide matters pertaining to the vessel’s navigation could be inferred.” Quoting from the decision, the PIO said: “The High Court, however, ruled that it will not interfere with the executive determination of probable cause for the purpose of filing information in the absence of grave abuse of discretion. “It noted that the DOJ Panel’s Resolution clearly supports a prima facie finding that reckless imprudence under Article 365 of the Revised Penal Code has been committed. “The Court found that the DOJ Panel did not only rely on affidavits of complainants but also conducted clarificatory hearings in finding that first,  respondent Go, among others, failed to closely monitor and assess the movement of the vessel as against the movement of Typhoon Frank such that he did not instruct Captain Marimon to take shelter in the vicinity of Batangas despite information from PAGASA that the vessel would come face to face with Typhoon Frank if it continued along its regular route; second,  Go’s acts, though not malicious, were indeed voluntary; and finally, Go’s act of allowing the vessel to sail despite the severe weather condition demonstrated inexcusable lack of precaution on the latter’s part. “The Court further held that shipowner's liability based on the contract of carriage is separate and distinct from the criminal liability of those who may be found negligent. “It added that it is beyond dispute that a civil action based on the contractual liability of a common carrier is distinct from an action based on criminal negligence. “In this case, it said that the criminal action instituted against respondent Go involved exclusively the criminal and civil liability of the latter arising from his criminal negligence as a responsible officer of SLI.” In 2018, the CA dismissed, for failure to exhaust administrative remedies, SLI’s petition to reverse a Maritime Industry Authority (Marina) decision that banned the firm from operating passenger vessels. The CA, through Associate Justice Pablito Perez, ruled that SLI should have filed first with the Office of the President an appeal to challenge the 2015 Marina decision. The Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) and the heirs of the victims elevated the case to the SC.