For Filipino senior citizens who have been accustomed to the celebration on Nov. 30 of Bonifacio Day as a non-working holiday, a brief backgrounder is in order.
In 1952, President Elpidio Quirino declared Nov. 30 as Bonifacio Day, as this is the national hero’s birth date. He declared a separate observance of National Heroes Day which had been observed on Nov. 30 since 1942. In August 2022, President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. issued Proclamation No. 42, announcing the list of holidays for 2023. Nov. 30 was listed as Bonifacio Day. Subsequently, he issued Proclamation No. 90, which also declared the regular holidays and special non-working holidays for 2023. In this new order, he enunciated the policy of holiday economics, first implemented by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, that is, “a longer weekend will help encourage domestic travel and increase tourism expenditures in the country." This explains why this year, Bonifacio Day is observed on Monday, Nov. 27.
Regardless of the day on which his heroism is recalled by a grateful nation, Andres Bonifacio’s preeminent position in the pantheon of Filipino heroes is securely assured. In the national consciousness, he is the defiant hero who held a bolo in his right hand and a pistol in his other hand as he called on Filipinos to assert their independence from the Spanish colonial rulers. At the Bonifacio monument in Caloocan City, and near Manila City Hall — and in many other town and city plazas in the country — he is remembered and honored as a militant nationalist leader who spearheaded the rebellion against Spain.
Immediately after Jose Rizal was deported in 1892, he founded the Katipunan, in full, Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Respected Society of the Country's Children). The use of the word Bayan denotes advocacy of community and nationhood.
He declared Philippine independence as early as in 1895, then again in 1896 after the execution of Rizal whom he regarded as his mentor. He is known as a nationalist proletarian, in contrast to the enlightened elite in the mold of Rizal who had the wherewithal to travel to Spain and Europe for higher education, and later, as venue for propagating the cause for Filipino nationhood. When he joined the freemasonry movement, he adopted the pseudonym May Pag-asa, or literally, there is hope. Indeed he served as a beacon of hope while rallying support for the toppling of Spanish colonial rule that flourished for more than three centuries
Andres Bonifacio floundered in the shoals of his rivalry with Emilio Aguinaldo that ended in his execution in Maragondon, Cavite. Yet, his fiery inspiration animated and inspired the thousands of foot soldiers from the ranks of the peasantry and the proletariat who joined the revolutionary forces throughout the archipelago. Even as the nascent Philippine Republic’s full fruition was thwarted by a new wave of American colonial rulers, these forces continued to offer active resistance.
Long live Andres Bonifacio, the Great Plebeian!