Navigating troubled waters: The PH's path to sovereignty and sovereign rights in the WPS

GUEST COLUMNIST

By Lt. Gen. AURELIO B. BALADAD (Ret)

The WPS is a battleground of international tensions, where overlapping territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claims have sparked disputes among neighboring nations. Amidst this complex geopolitical landscape, the Philippines is at a crossroads, faced with the daunting task of safeguarding its sovereignty and sovereign rights in this vital maritime region while upholding international law and promoting regional stability. Navigating these challenges requires a delicate balance of diplomacy, strategic partnerships, domestic unity, and a steadfast presence.

Since 2009, China's activities in the WPS, including military and maritime militia efforts and island-building, heightened regional tensions. The Philippines filed a case at the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague, leading to a ruling on July 12, 2016. The 479-page verdict affirmed the Philippines' sovereign rights in its WPS EEZ and invalidated China's claims under the "nine-dash line." This legal triumph, grounded in international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), showcased the efficacy of global legal mechanisms. It emphasized adhering to established legal frameworks in resolving maritime disputes, setting a vital precedent. Empowered by this victory, the Philippines stands on firm legal and moral ground. To sustain this momentum, the Philippines must continue championing the ruling, urging global adherence to international law, particularly UNCLOS. By garnering international support, the Philippines can uphold legal principles and counter unilateral actions in the WPS, ensuring regional stability.

Diplomacy must form the bedrock of the Philippines' approach to the WPS issue. Engaging in multilateral dialogues and negotiations, particularly with China, is paramount. Open channels of communication, rooted in mutual respect and understanding, can pave the way for peaceful resolutions. Bilateral talks and active participation in regional initiatives like the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea negotiations are essential, fostering an atmosphere of cooperation and trust.

Strengthening strategic partnerships with like-minded nations committed to international law and regional stability is imperative. Collaborative efforts with countries such as the United States, Japan, Australia, and Europe can provide diplomatic support and serve as a deterrent against potential aggression. Concurrently, investing in modernizing naval capabilities, enhancing surveillance technologies, and bolstering Coast Guard operations are crucial steps. Collaborative initiatives with friendly nations facilitate knowledge exchange, training programs, and resource sharing, ensuring a capable and vigilant maritime force capable of safeguarding Philippine waters. Establishing a credible defense posture is essential in protecting our sovereign rights in the WPS.

Domestic unity is paramount in the face of external challenges. Transparent communication with citizens, facilitated by civil society, academia, and media, is vital. Educating the populace about the complexities of the WPS issue, the country's legal standing, and the importance of unity is essential. Intensified public diplomacy efforts, both domestically and internationally, are necessary to maintain support and counter disinformation campaigns.

Maintaining an enduring and robust presence in the WPS remains crucial despite escalating challenges. This presence, by the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Philippine Navy (PN), and Philippine Air Force (PAF), is necessary to conduct maritime surface and aerial patrols in the region. China's assertive moves through the Chinese Coast Guard (CCG), People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), and maritime militias heighten complexity, demanding exceptional seafaring skills. However, caution must prevent further escalations despite these circumstances.

Essential is the development and sustainment of Philippine-occupied islands in the WPS, like Pag-asa Island, and other maritime features with AFP troops such as the BRP Sierra Madre in the Ayungin Shoal. Additionally, sustainable management of marine resources by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) within the claimed territory must be a priority for environmental preservation and to establish a strong foundation for asserting sovereign rights. Encouraging organized fishing activities by Filipino fishermen and ensuring their safety reinforces the Philippines' sovereign rights. Engaging the Bureau of Tourism (BOT) to promote eco-tourism in these areas is another avenue to explore. 

Most importantly, this enduring and robust presence must be orchestrated and synchronized by the government as it signifies and safeguards the Philippines' sovereignty, sovereign rights, and jurisdiction in the WPS. Lastly, it calls for deft diplomatic, security, and political leadership to manage the situation effectively.

In the face of escalating challenges, the Philippines charts its course to safeguard sovereignty in the WPS. Grounded in a landmark legal victory, we stand unwavering in pursuing international law and global support. Diplomacy, strategic partnerships, domestic unity, and a strong regional presence underpin our path forward. By nurturing unity, educating our citizens, and fostering partnerships with like-minded nations, we fortify our stance. With a robust maritime presence, sustainable resource management, and eco-tourism, we manifest our sovereignty. In unity and resolve, the Philippines exemplifies the enduring commitment to its sovereign rights in the WPS, ensuring a future of peace, stability, and prosperity.

(Lt. Gen. Aurelio B. Baladad (Ret) served as the 8th commander of the Eastern Mindanao Command, the 32nd commander of the 3rd Infantry (Spearhead) Division, and the former deputy chief of staff for Operations, J3 of the AFP. He is a graduate of Master in Development Management (with Dist) of AIM. He is now the VP for cooperative planning and marketing of PAFCPIC, a cooperative serving the active and retired AFP personnel.)