By Reuters
WASHINGTON/GUATEMALA CITY - US President Donald Trump on Friday said he agreed to drop the threat of economic sanctions against Guatemala after the country said it would implement new asylum measures for migrants fleeing Honduras and El Salvador.
FILE PHOTO: Alicia, a five-year-old migrant girl from Guatemala recently released with her mother from federal detention, sits on a bus before its departure from a bus depot in McAllen, Texas, U.S. July 24, 2019. (REUTERS/Loren Elliott/MANILA BULLETIN)
The Trump administration has grappled with a surge of mainly Central American migrants claiming asylum at the United States’ southern border with Mexico, an influx that has made it difficult for Trump to restrict immigration as he promised when he was elected.
Trump had pushed for Guatemala to sign what is known as a safe third country agreement to require asylum seekers passing through on their way to the United States to first pursue safe haven in Guatemala.
When an initial agreement fell through last week, Trump had threatened to impose tariffs, ban travelers and hit remittances with fees.
On Friday, he watched as his acting Homeland Security Secretary Kevin McAleenan signed an agreement with Guatemala’s minister of government, Enrique Antonio Degenhart, in the Oval Office.
“They’re doing what we’ve asked them to do,” Trump told reporters, calling Guatemalan President Jimmy Morales a “terrific guy.”
“We have other great countries who are going to be signing on also,” he said, without providing further details.
Morales said on Facebook that the agreement had headed off the threat of “drastic sanctions” against Guatemala.
Guatemala’s Constitutional Court had ruled that a safe third country deal could not be signed without prior approval from the country’s Congress, which is on a summer recess.
The Guatemalan government said in a statement that the deal - which it did not call a safe third country agreement - would allow its citizens to apply for temporary visas to work in the US agricultural sector, and in the medium- to long-term, would allow for work visas for the construction and service sectors.
McAleenan said there were still “several procedural steps” required in both countries to ratify the deal and put it into effect, which he said he expected would occur in coming weeks.
LEGAL CHALLENGE LIKELY
McAleenan told reporters the pact would protect migrants “at the earliest possible point in their journey,” noting US immigration judges reject asylum claims from most Central American migrants.
“If you have a Honduran family or an El Salvadoran national, instead of them having to pay a smuggler, come all the way to our border to seek asylum, when they arrive in Guatemala they’re in a country that has a fair proceeding for assessing asylum claims and that’s where they should make that claim,” he said.
Migrants who arrive in the United States who have not first sought asylum in Guatemala will be returned to Guatemala, McAleenan said.
One of the poorest countries in the Americas, Guatemala has little experience receiving large numbers of asylum seekers and a large wave of refugees would strain limited resources.
Just 262 people applied for refugee status in Guatemala between January and November 2018, according to data from the U.N. rights agency UNHCR. By comparison, nearly 200,000 people traveling in families from El Salvador and Honduras have been apprehended at the US border since October, with many of them requesting asylum.
A lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said the group would likely challenge in court any deal that denies migrants asylum based on an agreement with Guatemala.
“Congress made clear that the agreement has to provide a safe, fair and full asylum process,” said Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU’s Immigrants Rights Project, who has led several lawsuits blocking Trump’s immigration policies.
“But Guatemala can neither offer a safe nor fair and full process and nobody could plausibly argue otherwise,” Gelernt said.
McAleenan noted the US law that provides for safe third country agreements focuses on process rather than safety.
“There are obviously places in Guatemala and in the US that are dangerous. But that does not mean that it doesn’t have an appropriate process, a full and fair process, for asylum seekers to present themselves for protection under international law,” he said.